Legislature(1999 - 2000)

03/18/1999 01:05 PM House TRA

Audio Topic
* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
txt
      HOUSE TRANSPORTATION STANDING COMMITTEE                                                                                   
                   March 18, 1999                                                                                               
                     1:05 p.m.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
MEMBERS PRESENT                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Representative Beverly Masek, Chair                                                                                             
Representative Andrew Halcro, Vice Chair                                                                                        
Representative Bill Hudson                                                                                                      
Representative John Cowdery                                                                                                     
Representative Jerry Sanders                                                                                                    
Representative Allen Kemplen                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MEMBERS ABSENT                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Representative Albert Kookesh                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
COMMITTEE CALENDAR                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
* HOUSE BILL NO. 127                                                                                                            
"An Act relating to the sale of studded tires; and providing for an                                                             
effective date."                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
     - MOVED HB 127 OUT OF COMMITTEE                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
(* First public hearing)                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
PREVIOUS ACTION                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
BILL: HB 127                                                                                                                    
SHORT TITLE: LIMIT WEIGHT OF STUDS USED ON TIRES                                                                                
SPONSOR(S): REPRESENTATIVES(S) MASEK                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Jrn-Date    Jrn-Page           Action                                                                                           
 3/05/99       368     (H)  READ THE FIRST TIME - REFERRAL(S)                                                                   
 3/05/99       368     (H)  TRA, L&C                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
WITNESS REGISTER                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
TED DEATS, Researcher                                                                                                           
   for Representative Beverly Masek                                                                                             
Alaska State Legislature                                                                                                        
Capitol Building, Room 432                                                                                                      
Juneau, Alaska  99801                                                                                                           
Telephone:  (907) 465-2679                                                                                                      
POSITION STATEMENT:  Introduced HB 127.                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
JIM JOHNSON, President                                                                                                          
Johnson's Tire Service                                                                                                          
3330 Denali Street                                                                                                              
Anchorage, Alaska  99503                                                                                                        
Telephone:  (907) 562-7090                                                                                                      
POSITION STATEMENT:  Testified in favor of HB 127.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
PAUL TODD                                                                                                                       
P.O. Box 101842                                                                                                                 
Anchorage, Alaska  99510                                                                                                        
Telephone:  (907) 277-7715                                                                                                      
POSITION STATEMENT:  Testified as an individual citizen in favor                                                                
                     of HB 127.                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
SAM KITO III, Chairman                                                                                                          
Alaska Professional Design Council (APDC)                                                                                       
P.O. Box 103115                                                                                                                 
Anchorage, Alaska  99510                                                                                                        
Telephone:  (907) 338-5436                                                                                                      
POSITION STATEMENT:  Testified on behalf of APDC in support of HB
                     127.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
GARY WESSEL                                                                                                                     
Bruno Wessel Incorporated                                                                                                       
2147-E Porter Lake Drive                                                                                                        
Sarasota, FL 34240                                                                                                              
Telephone:  (800) 869-1908                                                                                                      
POSITION STATEMENT:  Testified in support of HB 127.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
DENNIS POSHARD, Legislative Liaison                                                                                             
Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT)                                                                        
3132 Channel Drive                                                                                                              
Juneau, Alaska  99801                                                                                                           
Telephone:  (907) 465-3904                                                                                                      
POSITION STATEMENT:  Testified in support of HB 127.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
ERIC JOHNSON, Engineer                                                                                                          
Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT)                                                                        
5700 East Tudor Road                                                                                                            
Anchorage, Alaska 99510                                                                                                         
Telephone:  (907) 269-6242                                                                                                      
POSITION STATEMENT:  Provided information on previous studies.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
EDDIE BURKE, Legislative Administrative Assistant                                                                               
   for Representative Sanders                                                                                                   
Alaska State Legislature                                                                                                        
Capitol Building, Room 414                                                                                                      
Juneau, Alaska  99801                                                                                                           
Telephone:  (907) 465-4945                                                                                                      
POSITION STATEMENT:  Testified in support of HB 127.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
ACTION NARRATIVE                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
TAPE 99-12, SIDE A                                                                                                              
Number 0001                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR BEVERLY MASEK called the House Transportation Standing                                                                    
Committee meeting to order at 1:05 p.m.  Members present at the                                                                 
call to order were Representatives Masek, Halcro, Hudson, Sanders.                                                              
Representatives Cowdery and Kemplen arrived at 1:07 and 1:25,                                                                   
respectively.  Representative Kookesh was absent; the chair noted                                                               
that he was excused.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
HB 127 - LIMIT WEIGHT OF STUDS USED ON TIRES                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR MASEK announced the agenda for the meeting, House Bill No.                                                                
127, "An Act relating to the sale of studded tires; and providing                                                               
for an effective date."                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Number 0080                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
TED DEATS, Researcher for Representative Beverly Masek, Alaska                                                                  
State Legislature, stated:                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
     The purpose of this bill is to require installation of                                                                     
     lightweight studs on all new passenger studded snow tires;                                                                 
     effective date of July 1, 2000.  This will be a point-of-sale                                                              
     legislation and people that already have studded tires will                                                                
     have them grandfathered in.  Wrecking yards can still sell the                                                             
     old studded tires; it has to do with new tires.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
     I hope the committee should see by today's testimony that                                                                  
     Alaska spends $5 million a year in stud related road repair                                                                
     and that the state can save up to $2 million by going to a                                                                 
     lighter weight stud.  The majority of the rutting on the high                                                              
     volume roads is caused by passenger vehicles, rather than by                                                               
     heavy trucks.  We'll see that tire studs consist of two                                                                    
     components; an outer sleeve, which can be heavy or light, and                                                              
     an inner carbide tip, which is the same on all studs.                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
     Tests in Finland and Sweden have shown that stopping and                                                                   
     starting characteristics are the same for the conventional and                                                             
     lightweight studs.  We'll see that there will be a slight                                                                  
     increase of one to two dollars per tire for the lighter studs,                                                             
     but the general consensus is that Alaska terrain and weather                                                               
     conditions provide a strong reason to continue to use studded                                                              
     tires.  This legislation will allow the state to re-route                                                                  
     funds that are now used to repair road damage to the detriment                                                             
     of other improvements within the road system.  I urge the                                                                  
     committee to use this legislation to reduce wear on our roads,                                                             
     and, at the same time, save the state of Alaska money.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MR. DEATS informed the committee that he was willing to answer any                                                              
questions.  He introduced the people that would be testifying via                                                               
teleconference, which included:  the Alaska Professional Design                                                                 
Counsel, who requested HB 127; Johnson's Tire Company from                                                                      
Anchorage, who sell lightweight tires; Federal Highway                                                                          
Administration (FHWA); Bruno Wessel Incorporated, one of the                                                                    
primary suppliers of studs for Alaska and the Northwest; and                                                                    
Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT/PF)                                                                     
personnel.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
JIM JOHNSON, President, Johnson's Tire Service, testified via                                                                   
teleconference from Anchorage.  He stated that Johnson's Tire                                                                   
Service has been using lightweight studs since 1994, and their                                                                  
performance over the last five years has been outstanding.                                                                      
Information received from Scandinavian countries shows that                                                                     
lightweight studs will definitely reduce road wear.  In terms of                                                                
traction and longevity, there is no difference between a heavy                                                                  
steel stud and the new environmentally-friendly lightweight stud.                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Number 0508                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HUDSON asked Mr. Johnson if most newly-mounted tires                                                             
in Alaska have the lightweight studs.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON said no.  He explained that since 1994 Johnson's Tire                                                               
Service has been the main user of the environmentally-friendly                                                                  
stud, but their competitor has decided to stay with the heavy steel                                                             
stud, which may be motivated by the additional cost of the                                                                      
lightweight stud.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HUDSON wondered if tires with lightweight studs are                                                              
wearing down faster and would need to be replaced sooner.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON explained that Johnson's Tire Service converted to the                                                              
lightweight stud in 1994, and, with the customers' values being of                                                              
utmost importance, over the past five years there has been no                                                                   
difference in wear.  One might think that using an aluminum or                                                                  
plastic bodied stud would wear quicker, but the stud hole in the                                                                
tire is protecting the casing of the stud, which means that the                                                                 
tungsten carbide is where it is wearing. The same grade of tungsten                                                             
carbide is used in a lightweight stud as is in a steel stud.  At                                                                
the retail level, if the consumers were not pleased with the value                                                              
they are receiving from Johnson's Tire Service, they would not                                                                  
continue to purchase them, and every year there has been an                                                                     
increase in market share.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Number 0682                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HUDSON inquired about the performance of the                                                                     
lightweight stud and it's ability to dig in and provide safety.                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON wondered if the question being asked is whether the                                                                 
traction level is the same over a period of time.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HUDSON replied yes.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON stated that it is hard to deduce the amount of time the                                                             
studs will last, because it is all dependent on how many miles the                                                              
consumer drives per year and how well the vehicle is maintained.                                                                
In his opinion, the traction level between a heavy steel stud and                                                               
a lightweight stud is a little better in the lightweight stud, plus                                                             
the lightweight stud will last as long as the heavy steel stud.                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Number 0761                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY asked if stud life and tire life are the                                                                 
same.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON said no.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY asked if Johnson's Tire Company installs                                                                 
studs into new tires.                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON responded that studs are only installed in brand new                                                                
tires.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY wondered how many miles, on average, does                                                                
the tire last.                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON explained that it is different for every customer, but                                                              
the average studded tire should last three to four years.  The                                                                  
reason studs are only installed in brand new tires is because the                                                               
hole where the stud goes in is done in the manufacturing process.                                                               
In a used tire there may be pin holes where dirt and particles have                                                             
accumulated, and forced installation of studs may cause the tire to                                                             
fail.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Number 0857                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY requested clarification on whether tungsten                                                              
carbide is the same material as the steel stud or a lightweight                                                                 
plastic [aluminum].                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON explained that Johnson's Tire Company is being told                                                                 
that the quality of the tungsten carbide is the same whether it is                                                              
a steel stud or a lightweight stud.  He believes that the tungsten                                                              
carbide pin is the best you can buy.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY asked if the damage to the road is caused by                                                             
the tungsten, the hard material in the stud, whether the stud is                                                                
steel or lightweight plastic [aluminum].                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON explained that damage to the road is caused by the                                                                  
weight of the stud.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Number 0950                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY disagreed, stating that he believes the                                                                  
thing that eats the ruts in the pavement is the stud itself, the                                                                
tungsten carbide, whether the stud is steel or plastic [aluminum].                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON interjected that he has been in the tire business for                                                               
about 30 years, and, up until 1994, he also thought that the damage                                                             
to the roads was caused by the tungsten carbide.  Experts from                                                                  
Finland and Sweden are reporting that it is the weight of the stud                                                              
causing the damage and not the tungsten carbide.  The tungsten                                                                  
carbide will cause road wear, but when you put a heavy bodied stud                                                              
around it, there will be even more road wear.  He believed that                                                                 
road wear will decrease by as much as 50 percent with a lightweight                                                             
stud.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY commented that it seems that speed has                                                                   
something to do with impact on the pavement.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON stated that there are a lot of factors.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Number 1049                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KEMPLEN asked about the additional cost of the                                                                   
lightweight, environmentally-friendly stud.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON responded that it probably costs a dollar more per tire                                                             
to use the lightweight stud instead of the steel stud.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KEMPLEN wondered why.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON explained that the cost, in round numbers, for a box of                                                             
1,000 studs would be approximately ten dollars more for the                                                                     
lightweight studs.  It takes around 100 studs to do one tire, so                                                                
that would make it one dollar more per tire.  There has been no                                                                 
additional charge to the consumer for the lightweight stud since                                                                
1994.  In 1994, when Johnson's Tire Company converted to the new                                                                
lightweight stud, the steel stud was still available.  The consumer                                                             
had an option of either purchasing the lightweight stud or the                                                                  
steel stud for the same price, and consumers chose the lightweight                                                              
stud.  In the first year, 80 to 90 percent of the sales were                                                                    
lightweight studs, so now the store carries only lightweight studs.                                                             
If a customer is adamant about having steel studs, there are some                                                               
stored in the warehouse.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KEMPLEN wondered about the additional dollar.                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON replied that the additional cost is charged to                                                                      
Johnson's Tire Company, not to the consumer.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Number 1260                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HALCRO stated that the effective date of HB 127 is                                                               
July 1, 2000, which is 15 months from now.  He asked if 15 months                                                               
would be enough time to sell the conventional studs still in the                                                                
inventory.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON responded that there will be no problem, because each                                                               
year consumers have requested the lightweight stud; therefore, the                                                              
inventory of steel studs has dwindled to almost nothing.  If there                                                              
are tires with steel studs still in the inventory after the                                                                     
effective date, those studs could be pulled out and replaced with                                                               
lightweight studs.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Number 1331                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SANDERS wondered when Mr. Johnson, being in the tire                                                             
business for 30 years, became aware that studs were eating up the                                                               
roads.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON replied that he became aware in 1993.  He pointed out                                                               
that he had worked in New Jersey and Hawaii prior to moving to                                                                  
Alaska in 1982.  Up until 1993, he never knew that there was an                                                                 
alternate to the conventional stud, which was already in use in                                                                 
Scandinavian countries.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Number 1388                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SANDERS asked if anybody told Mr. Johnson in those                                                               
previous 24 years that studs were eating up the roads.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON replied no.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SANDERS stated that he doesn't necessarily think                                                                 
it's not a good idea or that a dollar per tire really matters, but,                                                             
up until 1994, he was also unaware that studs affected the roads.                                                               
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON pointed out that nobody even thought about studs                                                                    
causing road wear, because it was never brought to their attention.                                                             
When people see ruts they don't attribute it to studs, because                                                                  
there could be a lot of other factors involved; it isn't only studs                                                             
that cause the damage.  Again, with the lightweight stud there is                                                               
no sacrifice in terms of traction and longevity, and it will,                                                                   
according to experts, reduce road wear by as much as 50 percent.                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Number 1500                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY asked if studless tires provide the same                                                                 
traction.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON replied that Johnson's Tire Company carries a tire out                                                              
of Finland called Nokia.  The Nokia people have asserted that there                                                             
is nothing that can replace the studded tire in terms of traction                                                               
and stability.                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY added that nothing could replace chains on                                                               
a tire, not even studs.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON stated that it depends on where you drive, and a                                                                    
studded tire is more versatile in terms of all-around use.                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HALCRO noted that studded tires are completely                                                                   
illegal in four states: Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota and                                                                       
Wisconsin.  He wondered how people get around in those states, as                                                               
the climate is comparable to Alaska and studs are illegal.                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
Number 1594                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MR. JOHNSON replied that the weather in Alaska is a little more                                                                 
severe.  He believes that they use a lot more salt and chemicals on                                                             
the roads, which means that the body of the vehicles suffer;                                                                    
therefore, there is an additional cost towards maintaining the                                                                  
vehicle.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Number 1664                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
PAUL TODD testified via teleconference from Anchorage.  He stated                                                               
that he supports HB 127 because it is a step in the right direction                                                             
towards reducing road wear.  He recommends that they reduce the                                                                 
weight of the stud from perhaps 2 grams to 1.3 grams.  In response                                                              
to Representative Cowdery's question regarding speed, the                                                                       
high-traffic roads in Anchorage become completely worn down within                                                              
a few years, so the asphalt is gone and all that is left is the                                                                 
stone matrix.  These roads lose 20 to 50 percent of their service                                                               
life due to tire stud damage.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
PAUL TODD further stated that in Michigan, where he lived for 15                                                                
years, Interstate 94 was completely repaved in concrete, but within                                                             
three years there was sun damage, flaking, salt damage, and frost                                                               
heaves.  The federal government refused to repave the interstate                                                                
every three years, so they simply went away from studs all                                                                      
together.  He said that he is not advocating completely banning                                                                 
studs, but HB 127 is a good step in the right direction.  A couple                                                              
of suggestions would be, one, to set up a program which monitors                                                                
certain roadways and looks at the difference in wear, and two, some                                                             
amendments that the committee might consider.  In the current                                                                   
statute, the commissioner of (DOT/PF) has the authority to lengthen                                                             
the period when studs are permitted.  A suggestion would be to also                                                             
give the commissioner authority to shorten the permitted period for                                                             
use of studs.  His second suggestion would be to charge stud users                                                              
a higher fee when they pay their biennial vehicle registration,                                                                 
because they cause higher road maintenance costs.  These comments                                                               
only apply to people living on the paved road system.                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
PAUL TODD concluded by stating that water quality and air quality                                                               
are also affected by wearing of the roads.  Asphalt is a petroleum                                                              
product which can seep into streams or become airborne, potentially                                                             
affecting one's breathing.  Finally, addressing REPRESENTATIVE                                                                  
COWDERY's question about a lighter metal body in the tire being                                                                 
less damaging to the road, he agreed that a larger mass will have                                                               
more centrifugal force when it hits the pavement, therefore,                                                                    
causing more damage.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Number 1993                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY noted that roads with a speed limit of 30 to                                                             
40 mph can actually be the deepest rutted.  The rock and gravel                                                                 
that is really hard is difficult to come by in the Anchorage area.                                                              
There was criticism of DOT/PF last year for hauling rock to                                                                     
Anchorage from Fairbanks for experimental purposes to see if the                                                                
harder rock was productive.  There is no known source of rock in                                                                
Anchorage compatible with other parts of the state that makes an                                                                
asphalt aggregate.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MR. TODD pointed out that he mentioned the stone matrix because                                                                 
when the asphalt is worn away and the stone matrix is exposed the                                                               
road is more slippery and less safe.  The ruts also fill up with                                                                
rain, slush and ice, creating very unsafe driving conditions.                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
SAM KITO, III, Chairman, Alaska Professional Design Council (APDC),                                                             
testified via teleconference from Anchorage.  He stated:                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
     The Alaska Professional Design Council, by way of                                                                          
     introduction, is a consortium of professional societies                                                                    
     representing architects, engineers, land surveyors, building                                                               
     code officials and landscape architects.  The ten member                                                                   
     organizations have a combined membership of over 1,400 and                                                                 
     represent approximately 5,000 licensed professionals in the                                                                
     state of Alaska.                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
     APDC addresses issues of concern of various design                                                                         
     professionals through workshops, seminars, ad hoc committees,                                                              
     standing committees and a governmental task force.  One of the                                                             
     priorities of the legislative committee this year is to work                                                               
     on passage of legislation mandating sale of only lightweight                                                               
     studded tires.  The APDC proposal now sits before you as HB
     127.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
     It is the collective desire of APDC to foster an environment                                                               
     where we are not reacting to damage to our roads or loss of                                                                
     our facilities due to continually deferring maintenance.                                                                   
     While the subject of deferred maintenance may not appear to be                                                             
     directly related to studded tires, there is a connection.  In                                                              
     the effort to encourage the legislature to pass HB 127, APDC                                                               
     is encouraging a proactive step towards taking care of our                                                                 
     state assets.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
     We have the following comments on HB 127 directly relating to                                                              
     studs.  The state of Alaska is currently battling severe wear                                                              
     of our roadways.  We've all seen and driven in the ruts on our                                                             
     major roadways.  Studies completed by DOT/PF indicate that                                                                 
     there are three factors which, when addressed, would                                                                       
     significantly decrease the road wear on Alaska's highways.                                                                 
     The first is to utilize a Stone Mastic Asphalt mix; the second                                                             
     is utilizing harder aggregate material in the pavement; and                                                                
     the third is to encourage the use of lightweight studded                                                                   
     tires.  The state DOT is currently utilizing the Stone Mastic                                                              
     Asphalt mix design, and is also investigating possible sources                                                             
     of harder aggregate.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
     The third component to reduction of stud related tire wear is                                                              
     the use of lightweight studs.  The use of the lightweight                                                                  
     studded tires can decrease wear and rutting in the roads in                                                                
     Alaska by decreasing the striking force of each stud, which                                                                
     we've heard about early today.  APDC is interested in this                                                                 
     issue for two basic reasons; the first is to advocate safety                                                               
     on our roadways.  We believe that, if left unrepaired, the                                                                 
     rutted roadways pose a safety hazard to the motoring public.                                                               
     The second is to encourage preventative maintenance of our                                                                 
     road infrastructure. While connecting direct savings to                                                                    
     decreasing wear in our roadways will be extremely difficult,                                                               
     we believe that, by engaging in this type of preventative                                                                  
     maintenance, we are bound to free up an undetermined amount of                                                             
     federal construction funding that will then be available for                                                               
     other projects.  This, we believe, is an important                                                                         
     preventative maintenance issue, and we'd like to encourage all                                                             
     members of the House Transportation [Standing] Committee to                                                                
     support passage of this measure.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Number 2305                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
GARY WESSEL, Bruno Wessel Incorporated, testified via                                                                           
teleconference from Connecticut.  He stated that Bruno Wessel                                                                   
Incorporated is a major supplier of tire studs to all of North                                                                  
America, including Alaska, and they are in favor of HB 127.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KEMPLEN asked why lightweight studs are more                                                                     
expensive.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL explained that the cost of lightweight studs is more                                                                 
expensive because the material has changed; aluminum compared to                                                                
steel is always more expensive.  The manufacturing process of                                                                   
aluminum studs is more difficult and requires more components.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Number 2378                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HALCRO asked if Bruno Wessel Incorporated sells both                                                             
lightweight and conventional studs to retailers in Alaska.                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL replied yes.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HALCRO wondered if a shift in buying patterns of                                                                 
retailers in Alaska has been seen with regards to buying                                                                        
lightweight studs as opposed to conventional studs.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL referred to Johnson's Tire Company, stating that since                                                               
1994, when they switched to aluminum studs, their numbers have                                                                  
increased to the point now where the sale of conventional steel                                                                 
studs is almost non-existent.  However, Johnson's Tire Company is                                                               
the only company in Alaska that buys aluminum studs.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Number 2426                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HUDSON asked if other tire companies are likely to                                                               
switch over to aluminum studs or would they end up with a lot of                                                                
stranded costs.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL responded that he believes companies would not end up                                                                
with any stranded costs, because HB 127 has an effective date of                                                                
July 1, 2000, and inventory will be grandfathered in after the                                                                  
effective date.  Bruno Wessel Incorporated will comply with                                                                     
whatever is to be sold in Alaska by law, and he believes that                                                                   
companies in Alaska will have no problem switching over to aluminum                                                             
studs.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SANDERS wondered if Bruno Wessel Incorporated is the                                                             
only distributor of studs in Alaska.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL replied that they are the major distributor of studs in                                                              
Alaska, but not the only distributor.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
TAPE 99-12, SIDE B                                                                                                              
Number 2488                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL further stated that Bruno Wessel Incorporated does have                                                              
competition with suppliers who ship from Washington and Oregon, as                                                              
well as some local distributors in Alaska.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SANDERS asked if the competition also sells                                                                      
lightweight studs.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL responded that they do if someone requests them, but,                                                                
for the most part, companies buying lightweight studs are only in                                                               
states where they are mandated and currently Oregon is the only                                                                 
state that has a lightweight requirement.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Number 2435                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HALCRO believed that HB 127 would grandfather in                                                                 
tires already studded and in use, not inventory on hand.                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL explained that most detailers have a small quantity of                                                               
studded tires on the shelf, as well as a number of studs left in                                                                
the box ready to stud tires.  Tires that already have steel studs                                                               
in them can be, as Mr. Johnson said, restudded with lightweight                                                                 
studs.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY wondered if there was a stud made of                                                                     
material other than aluminum or steel, such as plastic.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Number 2358                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL responded that there are many studs on the market today.                                                             
One is made from a material in the aluminum family, but it is even                                                              
lighter than aluminum.  The body of the stud changes; therefore,                                                                
the equipment for installing the studs would also have to be                                                                    
different.  There are plastic studs being used in Sweden, but it is                                                             
about the only country presently that is heavily using plastic.                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY asked Mr. Wessel if he thinks there is an                                                                
overconfidence factor when people use studs, and if the accident                                                                
rate has decreased since the time studded tires were put into use.                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL explained that statistical studies done in Finland and                                                               
Sweden have shown that consumers with studded tires do have more                                                                
confidence when driving in winter conditions.  Instead of showing                                                               
accident rate, the analysis shows the estimated cost if tire studs                                                              
were to be banned.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY asked if Mr. Wessel knew of any insurance                                                                
companies that would lower someone's insurance in the winter if                                                                 
they used studded tires.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL asked if he meant in the United States.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY replied yes.                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MR. WESSEL said that he did not know of any in the United States.                                                               
                                                                                                                                
DENNIS POSHARD, Legislative Liaison, Department of Transportation                                                               
and Public Facilities (DOT/PF), stated:                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
     Studded tires were first developed and used in Finland in                                                                  
     1959.  By the winter of 1963, they were being used heavily in                                                              
     all 50 states.  As early as 1972, the state of Alaska,                                                                     
     Department of Highways, released a report outlining the                                                                    
     problems of studded tire use on Alaska roads.  The department                                                              
     estimates that studded tires cause approximately $5 million                                                                
     damage to Alaska roads annually.  This is damage ... some of                                                               
     which the department repairs, and much of which gets added to                                                              
     our deferred maintenance backlog.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
     The use of studded tires in the relationship to road wear is                                                               
     a subject of comprehensive international interest.  Over the                                                               
     last 30 years the Scandinavian countries have spent over $50                                                               
     million researching this topic.  In 1995 and 1996, the                                                                     
     department did an extensive review of the Scandinavian                                                                     
     research and released a report, which I believe you have a                                                                 
     copy, titled, "Options for Reducing Stud-Related Pavement                                                                  
     Wear".  That study came up with three recommendations for                                                                  
     reducing stud wear, and I believe you've heard them mentioned                                                              
     before.  One is the use of Stone Mastic Asphalt; two is using                                                              
     harder more durable aggregates in the pavement mix; and three                                                              
     is requiring the use of lightweight studs.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
     First, in terms of the Stone Mastic Asphalt, the department                                                                
     has begun using Stone Mastic Asphalt in the Anchorage area.                                                                
     This type of asphalt contains a higher percentage of course                                                                
     aggregates and has been shown to reduce pavement wear by 25 to                                                             
     50 percent.  However, this is a much more expensive asphalt,                                                               
     and use to date has been limited to the Anchorage area, where                                                              
     traffic counts make it economically feasible.  The department                                                              
     does plan to continue to increase the use of Stone Mastic                                                                  
     Asphalt pavements where traffic counts and the economics allow                                                             
     us to do so.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
     In terms of harder, more durable aggregates, the study shows                                                               
     that harder, more durable aggregates provide much better wear                                                              
     resistance to studded tires.  First, let me say that                                                                       
     Scandinavia, who's been working on this issue for 30 years,                                                                
     has only identified two to four percent of their available                                                                 
     aggregate materials that meet the standard for a pavement mix                                                              
     to resist studded-tire wear.  In Alaska we are comparatively                                                               
     in our geologic infancy when it comes to identifying good                                                                  
     material sites.  To date, we have found three sites with                                                                   
     acceptable material; Chistochina, Black Rapids, and a site                                                                 
     near Cantwell.  We have, as Representative Cowdery pointed                                                                 
     out, shipped some materials from the Cantwell site for test                                                                
     projects in Anchorage.  We will continue to search for more                                                                
     sites and continue to use the materials where it's feasible to                                                             
     do so.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD further stated that research shows the use of                                                                       
lightweight studs can decrease pavement wear by up to 50 percent.                                                               
He referred to page 12 of the "Options for Reducing Stud-Related                                                                
Pavement Wear" report, where there is a visual representation of                                                                
the kinetic forces of the studs on the pavement itself.  The energy                                                             
of the "dynamic hit" and the "after scratch" are the largest                                                                    
factors causing the damage.  When looking back on physics class we                                                              
are reminded of the equation, E = 1/2mv2 (E = energy, m = mass, v                                                               
= velocity).  When looking at that equation there are only two                                                                  
variables that can be changed to reduce the energy or wear on the                                                               
roads: mass and velocity.  Since there is probably no interest in                                                               
lowering the speed limit, the focus needs to be on the mass or                                                                  
weight of the stud.  By reducing the weight of the stud, the energy                                                             
is reduced; therefore, the wear on the roads from the "dynamic hit"                                                             
and the "after scratch" are reduced.  This can be done without                                                                  
reducing the effectiveness of the studded tire because of the                                                                   
tungsten nipple.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD stated, in conclusion, that the DOT is supportive of HB
127 as a safety measure and as way of reducing the annual damage to                                                             
Alaska's roads.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Number 1915                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR MASEK asked where the cost savings of $2 million would be                                                                 
used if HB 127 went into effect.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD responded that he would not categorize the $2 million                                                               
as a budget savings, but more like $2 million saved in damage done                                                              
to Alaska's roads.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SANDERS requested clarification that the problem is                                                              
the weight of the stud, not the steel.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD replied, "That is correct."                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE SANDERS referred to the sample of different stud                                                                 
types that was presented to the committee, stating that the steel                                                               
stud is noticeably longer with the naked eye.  He asked if the                                                                  
steel studs could be used if the weight was dropped to 1.3 grams                                                                
and the length was cut back 20 to 30 percent.                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Number 1831                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD said yes.  He clarified that there are steel studs and                                                              
aluminum studs in different lengths; from 11 millimeters up to 16                                                               
millimeters.  The length of the samples are different because they                                                              
are different studs.  The variable of the length is not really what                                                             
is important; rather, the tungsten nipple should be the same on all                                                             
the studs.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HUDSON noted that savings would, obviously, not                                                                  
accrue instantly, but over a period of time, because there are                                                                  
still many of the conventional studs still in use.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD responded, "That is correct."                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HUDSON clarified that it would be the deferred cost.                                                             
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD explained that the amount of damage would be reduced                                                                
each year as fewer heavyweight studs are being driven on the roads.                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Number 1729                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KEMPLEN asked what the negative side is in using the                                                             
lightweight stud.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD stated that DOT/PF does not see a negative side.  The                                                               
tests have shown that the lightweight studs and the heavyweight                                                                 
studs perform equally as well in terms of the stopping point for                                                                
vehicles.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KEMPLEN wondered who has opposed implementation of                                                               
lightweight studs in the past.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD responded that he would have to look through previous                                                               
testimony to see who opposed it.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY asked if DOT/PF has considered replacing                                                                 
only the section of road where the ruts are, instead of resurfacing                                                             
the whole road.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD replied that he would like to defer that question to                                                                
Eric Johnson.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Number 1630                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
ERIC JOHNSON, Engineer, Department of Transportation and Public                                                                 
Facilities (DOT/PF), testified via teleconference from Anchorage.                                                               
He stated that the Scandinavians tried to do that and it led to                                                                 
roads that were too rough.  The quality of what they were doing                                                                 
could not be controlled, so the venture was abandoned.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HALCRO asked Mr. Poshard, with regards to Mr. Todd's                                                             
testimony earlier, if DOT/PF has looked at giving the commissioner                                                              
more authority on the period when studs are permitted.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD explained that DOT/PF has looked at that, but there                                                                 
aren't any proposals to change the dates at this time.  The wear on                                                             
the roads is definitely worse during the summer months when the                                                                 
asphalt is dry and warm.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Number 1524                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HALCRO asked Mr. Poshard if he felt that allowing                                                                
the commissioner to have more flexibility with regards to the                                                                   
period when studs are used would be beneficial.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
MR. POSHARD responded that DOT/PF has not taken that into                                                                       
consideration.  If the date was changed every year, the public                                                                  
would have to be notified every year of the change, and it could be                                                             
a burden.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE COWDERY pointed out that load restrictions on                                                                    
certain roads are changed at the discretion of the commissioner.                                                                
It seems appropriate to give the commissioner the flexibility if it                                                             
were to save one to two months of stud wear on the roads.  He                                                                   
encouraged DOT/PF that they might want to look into that.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE KEMPLEN expressed his appreciation to DOT/PF for                                                                 
looking to other northern communities for knowledge with regards to                                                             
doing business in Alaska.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Number 1398                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
EDDIE BURKE, Legislative Administrative Assistant for                                                                           
Representative Sanders, Alaska State Legislature, stated that he is                                                             
a former Chevron Service Station owner and also did a radio show                                                                
called "Auto Talk".  The same discussion being held here today also                                                             
came up on his show.  Many people called in and there was no                                                                    
negative feedback from the public.  He felt that, as long as the                                                                
free market can exist and there are choices with regards to studs,                                                              
everything will be fine.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR MASEK commented that she purchased a pair of lightweight                                                                  
studs two years back.  She commutes from Willow to Anchorage often                                                              
during the winter, and she hasn't noted a difference in performance                                                             
of the lightweight stud.  When it comes to saving and preserving                                                                
Alaska's highways, especially with the financial situation like it                                                              
is, it is good to look at alternative solutions.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HALCRO echoed Representative Masek's sentiments.  He                                                             
noted that there are going to be accidents no matter what kind of                                                               
tires people have on their cars, and, in terms of road wear and                                                                 
maintenance, HB 127 is an important piece of legislation.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Number 1152                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE HUDSON agreed that this is a change that needs to be                                                             
made.  He felt that every road in Alaska, it seems, is resurfaced                                                               
each year, and is rutted again before long.  His dear friend was                                                                
killed due to a heavily-rutted road where the ruts were filled with                                                             
water, and he was thrown into on coming traffic.  He made a motion                                                              
to move HB 127 from the committee with individual recommendations                                                               
and attached fiscal note and asked unanimous consent.  There being                                                              
no objection, HB 127 was moved from committee.                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
ADJOURNMENT                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Number 1085                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
CHAIR MASEK adjourned the House Transportation Standing Committee                                                               
at 2:22 p.m.                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                

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